Technical overview and performance of HSPA and Mobile Wi-MAX

السلام عليكم ورحمه الله وبركاته

انا جايب النهاردة تكنولوجى لزيزة جدا ولو كان الموضوع يعيبه شويه السطحيه وعدم التعمق بس ولو حاجه نسمع عنها وبعدين يبقى نتعمق براحتنا-إنم شاء الله-



The internet has had a dramatic impact on our private and professional lives. And its importance continues to grow. To fully enjoy the benefits of the internet, however, users need a broadband connection. In coming years, millions of people will turn to wireless technology for this experience.
A host of technologies are competing to deliver commercial mobile broadband services. By far the most successful of these is high-speed packet access (HSPA), which has been commercially deployed by over 250
operators in more than 110 countries.
HSPA is a state-of-the-art technology that can provide mobile and wireless broadband services with unsurpassed performance and economies of scale to the vast majority of the market. By 2010, when it is anticipated that the number of wireless broadband
connections will exceed 600 million, HSPA will deliver more than 70 percent of all mobile broadband connections.
A good mobile broadband system must fulfill certain criteria, including high data rate, high capacity, low cost per bit, low latency, good quality of service (QoS), and good coverage.
Several techniques can be used to meet these criteria in a wireless
system, including:
for higher data rates and capacity higher-order modulation schemes, such as
16 and 64 quadrature amplitude modulation
• multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO)
advanced antenna systems that rely on multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver, effectively multiplying the peak rate.

✒ for improved QoS and low latency dynamic scheduling, with end-user
traffic streams prioritized according to service agreements
• short transmission time intervals TTI, allowing round-trip times to approach that of wired equivalents (such as DSL).
✒ for higher capacity
• shared-channel transmission to make efficient use of available time/ frequency/codes and power resources
• link adaptation to dynamically optimize transmission parameters, depending on actual radio conditions
channel-dependent scheduling to assign radio resources to users with
the most favorable radio conditions
•hybrid automatic repeat request HARQ to enable rapid retransmission
of missing data, and soft-combining to significantly improve performance
and robustness.
✒ for greater coverage
• advanced antenna systems and receivers to enhance the radio link and
improve cell range.
Both HSPA and Mobile Wi-MAX employ most of these techniques, and their performance is broadly similar. However, they differ in areas such as the duplex scheme FDD versus TDD), frequency bands, multiple
access technology, and control channel design, giving rise to differences mainly inuplink data rates and coverage.

--------------------




HSPA
Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration that brings together several telecommunications standards bodies in the USA, Europe, Japan, South Korea and China. At present, 3GPP has more than 400
member companies and institutions. The 3GPP defines GSM and WCDMA
specifications for a complete mobile system, including terminal aspects, radio access networks, core networks, and parts of the service network. Standardization bodies in each world region have a mandate to take output from the 3GPP and publish it in their region as formal standards.
3GPP specifications are structured in releases. Ordinarily, discussions of 3GPP technologies refer to the functionality in one or another release. It is worth noting that all new releases are backward-compatible with previous releases.
The development of the 3GPP technology track (GSM/WCDMA/HSPA) has been spectacular. Over a period of 10 years, for example, there has been a 1,000-fold increase in supported data rates. Moreover, the 3GPP technologies continue to evolve. WCDMA 3GPP Release 99 provided data
rates of 384Kbps for wide-area coverage.
Greater speed (data rates) and capacity were soon required, however, (at lower production cost) as new services were introduced and more people began to use packet data services.
Among other things, WCDMA 3GPP Release 5 extended the specification with a new downlink transport channel, the high speed downlink shared channel, which enhanced support for high-performance packet-data applications. Compared with Release 99, the enhanced downlink gave a
considerable increase in capacity, which translated into reduced production cost per bit. It also significantly reduced latency and
provided downlink data rates of up to 14Mbps. These enhancements, which commonly go under the denomination (HSDPA (high-speed downlink packet access; were a first step in the evolution of WCDMA.
Although a great deal of traffic is down link oriented, several applications also benefit from an improved uplink. Examples include the sending of large e-mail attachments, pictures, video clips and logs. The key
enhancement in WCDMA 3GPP Release 6 was a new transport channel in the uplink: enhanced uplink (EUL), also sometimes called HSUPA (high-speed uplink packet access). This enhancement improved throughput, reduced latency and increased capacity. EUL provides data rates of up
to 5.8Mbps. The combination of HSDPA and EUL is called HSPA. To further boost the peak data rate and capacity, 3GPP HSPA

The combination of HS Release 7 introduced HSPA evolution also called
HSPA+), which supports MIMO, 64QAM in the downlink, and 16QAM in the uplink. R 8 support 2 ways to give downlink bit rates of 42Mbps, one is the combination of 64QAM and MIMO and the other way is by using dual carriers with 64QAM modulation. In future releases we will see both
combinations of dual carriers and MIMO and combinations of up to 4 carriers, both these alternatives support up to 84Mbps and even higher bit rates are possible if combinations of MIMO and 4 carriers will
be supported in the future. Long-term evolution (LTE), also specified in
3GPP Release 8, introduces OFDM/OFDMA technology in the downlink and single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the uplink. LTE supports
very high data rates – more than 300Mbps in the downlink and 80Mbps in the uplink. In addition, it supports operation both in paired and unpaired spectrum FDD and TDD using channel bandwidths of approximately 1.4MHz up to 20MHz.
--------------------

Mobile Wi-MAX

The IEEE 802.16 Working Group on broadband wireless access standards, established by the IEEE Standards Board in 1999, prepared the formal specifications for
broadband wireless metropolitan area networks (Wireless MAN, the 802.16 family of
standards is the basis of Mobile Wi-MAX IEEE 802.16-2004 (also called 802.16d)
provides support for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and indoor end-user terminals for fixed
wireless broadband. In 2005, the standard was amended (IEEE 802.16e-2005 or
802.16e) to add support for data mobility. IEEE 802.16e or Mobile Wi-MAX improves
on the modulation schemes used in the original (Fixed) Wi-MAX standard by introducing scalable orthogonal frequency division multiple accesses (SOFDMA)
The system profile in IEEE 802.16e-2005 is not backward compatible with the Fixed
Wi-MAX system profile. The charter of the Wi-MAX Forum, which has more than 400 members, is to promote and certify the compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless access equipment that conforms to IEEE 802.16 and the ETSI Hiper MAN standard.
The Wi-MAX Forum defines and conducts conformance and interoperability testing to
ensure that different vendor systems work seamlessly with each other. Wi-MAX certification profiles specify characteristics such as spectrum band, duplexing and
channelization. Several profiles exist for Fixed and Mobile Wi-MAX.
There are currently two waves of certification planned for Mobile
Wi-MAX equipment:
✒ Wave 1: Mobile Wi-MAX system profile with single-input single-output (SISO) terminals for the 2.3GHz and 3.5GHz bands
✒ Wave 2: Mobile Wi-MAX system profile with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
terminals and beam-forming support for the 2.6GHz band (sometimes referred to
as the 2.5GHz band). Because IEEE 802.16 standardization only covers basic connectivity up to the media access (MAC) level, the Wi-MAX Forum also addresses network architecture issues for Mobile Wi-MAX networks. The first network architecture specification (Release 1.0) focused on delivering a wireless internet service with mobility. Release 1.5 introduced support for telecom-grade mobile services, supporting full IMS interworking, carrier-grade VoIP, broadcast applications, such as mobile TV, and over-the-air provisioning. While Mobile Wi-MAX offers the promise of high-speed wireless broadband services, it is still very much in its infancy and real-life performance has yet to be proved